Analysis Of The Relationship Between Religion Essay

Examination Of The Relationship Between Religion - Essay Example The thought of the possibility of God definitely prompts thought of another, opposite thought, in particular the malevolence. In fact, if there is light, there must be murkiness or if nothing else shadow also. In this way, the Christian teaching is probably going to make a few arrangements about the idea of fiendishness. As per the researchers, there are two types of wickedness: good and normal. The previous is something that is brought about by individuals. This structure includes the idea of profound quality and, accordingly, can happen just inside the earth of the individuals. Along these lines, murder or interbreeding is something that is viewed as good fiendishness by the individuals. There is an alternate type of insidiousness, the normal one. It happens in nature and individuals are casualties of it, not the makers. For instance, seismic tremors are placed into a characteristic underhandedness class. Remembering the previously mentioned thought, â€Å"the reality of fiendishn ess turns into an issue with sane faith in God, at any rate have confidence in a completely decent, all-ground-breaking deity†. Be that as it may, the Christians had the option to think of different defenses, theodicies. For instance, as indicated by one of them, abhorrent is fundamental since it makes individuals ethically develop; as such, the capacity to recognize great and shrewdness is something that ought to be viewed as an attribute of a completely evolved human and something which Adam and Eve were denied from the outset. Hence, malicious exists not on the grounds that God can't crush it (He is transcendent), not on the grounds that He doesn't think about it (He is omniscient) or not on the grounds that He isn't acceptable (He is omnibenevolent).

Third World Free Essays

string(91) accomplishment of people inside a nation and furthermore considers the inequality. Nationssocl 105 midterm test Short Answer Question #1 What rings a bell when you here the term â€Å"Third World†? A large portion of the individuals in the United States think that its difficult to grapple with the way of life and battles that are related with this term. The term, â€Å"Third World† was first presented during the Cold War. During this time, the â€Å"First World† alluded to the United States and its’ partners, â€Å"Second World† comprised of the Soviet Union and its partners and the â€Å"Third World† was related with the non-associated and nonpartisan nations. We will compose a custom paper test on Third World or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now After the subsequent universal war, these nations, who were generally new to freedom, were left attempting to stay aware of the quickly developing world economy. The nations that couldn’t keep up were in dyer need of outside association to enable them to create. In this way, the term Third World ‘development’ was presented. These immature nations were ordered by their low per-capita salaries, high ignorance rates, restricted improvement of industry, farming based economies, short future, and were regularly flimsy strategically (class notes). Plans to help advance improvement in these â€Å"Third World† nations were first considered at the Bretton Woods gathering in 1944. Agents of 44 nations met in Bretton Woods, N. H to discuss after war money related game plans. It was at this gathering the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) and International Monetary Fund were created. The World Bank comprised of five divisions the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD; its primary segment), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) (answers. com/theme/worldbank). The two principle divisions related with advancement were the IFC and IDA. The IFC did its part by loaning cash to personal business in creating nations. With new capital, the expectation was that these organizations would have the option to deliver products, which could then be bought by the nations individuals and thus make a steady economy inside the creating nation. The reason for the IDA was to assist the banks least fortunate nations by giving premium free credits. As found in the class film â€Å"Life and Debt,† Jamaica had the option to go to the World Bank and request a credit when they’re nation had to concoct cash that wasn’t accessible. This advance solicitation was in all probability took care of by the IDA. Another foundation that was made was the International Monetary Fund. With in excess of 180 nations as individuals, the motivation behind the IMF was to help guarantee the smooth universal purchasing and selling of cash. The IMF met this necessity by balancing out cash trade rates and by giving guidance and specialized help to its barrowing nations. Part nations do their part by contributing working assets and get casting a ballot rights dependent on their inclusion in universal exchange and national salary. There are numerous terms that are related with nations that have not arrived at a mechanical state. Creating countries, third world, and worldwide south are a few terms that can be utilized in portraying these countries (class notes). Being a nation that is named by one of these terms can be intense. On the off chance that you were a created country would you need to get included monetarily with a nation with way of life related with these terms. This is the reason its it so hard for the immature nations to engage with the world economy in view of their notoriety and the one-sided judgment that accompanies it. Short Answer Question #2 One of the primary markers of improvement in a nation is its Gross Domestic Product or GDP. Total national output is measures the measure of products and ventures delivered in a particular nation or locale. Gross domestic product has gotten one of the primary insights utilized by researchers to quantify a nations advancement, in any case, some state that GDP is a wrong estimation and that it has made a few issues as the fundamental marker for improvement. Gross domestic product incorporates merchandise and ventures that do exclude a nations monetary riches and, then again, rejects things that do. As per paecon. net, GDP avoids three fundamental classes. The principal class that has been rejected by GDP is family unit creation. Measurements state that the vast majority invest over 17% more energy accomplishing residential work than paid work. That implies that the greater part of the individuals in these creating nations are too occupied with accomplishing work around the house. That incorporates exercises, for example, house keeping, cooking, and thinking about their kids. Is it accurate to say that we are to state that in light of the fact that these individuals invest more energy thinking about their families they are to be punished for it with an abatement in GDP? Another issue related with GDP is the measure of deliberate work that may happen in a nation. What was once done by a paid proficient and represented in GDP, could have now been done intentionally. Along these lines, social orders with across the board deliberate work may will have a lower GDP yet have a decent financial prosperity. Another large type of pay that is ignored by GDP is the casual economy inside these creating nations. Casual economy incorporates any immediate deal exercises, for example, unspecialized temp jobs, road exchanging, and above all else the underground market. This selling of products and ventures frequently goes untaxed and unrecorded hence is excluded into a nations GDP. By and large GDP ignores numerous types of salary, which can bring about a distortion of a nations monetary prosperity. There are different parts of improvement that can likewise being influenced by a countries’ GDP. It is accepted that the individuals are the genuine financial drive to a country, thus, the Human Development Index was made. The HDI is a blend of various measurements to help judge the advancement of the individuals inside a specific nation. These insights incorporate future, instruction, and GDP. In this manner, the HDI of a nation can be belittled if its’ GDP is erroneous. The HDI additionally presented the Gender Development Index (GDI). The GDI is a proportion of the accomplishment of people inside a nation and furthermore considers the disparity. You read Third World in class Papers GDI has an immediate relationship to HDI, along these lines, if the accomplishment of people goes down or one sexes accomplishment turns out to be progressively higher than the other, HDI will go down. The subsequent stage in human improvement comes as the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). This measurement is presently identified with GDI in that it takes the abilities accomplished by the people and shows how they apply them to regular day to day existence. Jewel centers around if the sexual orientations become dynamic financially and politically inside their nation. Since these types of human improvement are interlaced, and GDP is remembered for HDI, a miscounted GDP could bring about a snowball impact making all the numbers be slanted. The estimation of Gross Domestic Product negatively affects most creating nations. Gross domestic product neglects the nearness of family unit creation, deliberate work, and the casual economy inside a nation; which makes GDP regularly be think little of and the value of a nation appear to be substantially less. Short Answer Question #4 Third World nations developed at a pace of 4. 7 percent during the 1960s. The development pace of the East Asian NICs was 7 to 10 percent. These recently industrialized nations of East Asian included South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. These nations figured out how to satisfy the objectives of the advancement undertaking and increase their living expectations strategically, monetarily and socially. Nonetheless, they additionally demonstrated how improvement activities can be extremely specific and how different nations might not have a similar achievement if a similar way is followed. One of the initial steps these nations took towards improving their economy was by getting a sound measure of outside venture. A decent measure of this capital was guided towards creating offices to produce fares, for example, materials, shoes, gadgets, and other attire. Remote financial specialists were attracted to the modest yet effective work that was accessible in the Asian NICs, which permitted organizations to continue coming. These nations offered a near bit of leeway through their low-wage yet generally talented and taught workforce. As a child it appeared as though every toy or electronic that was being utilized was marked with the imprint ‘MADE IN TAIWAN’ or ‘MADE IN HONG KONG. ’ Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the East Asian NICs kept on developing into the industrialized superpowers we see today. Despite the fact that the East Asian nations had incredible achievement following the advancement venture, the outcome was not the equivalent for different nations in the Third World. The assembling segment in GDP was incredibly low in nations, for example, Africa and Latin America. By 1972, the Oraganisation for Economic Co-activity and Development understood that one size didn't fit all and that, â€Å"the measures intended to help creating nations as a gathering have not been successful for the least evolved countries† (Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective). Plainly various nations required an arrangement to manage their issues. It was by all accounts unreasonably extreme for the Eastern European Countries to follow a similar way as those nations that had association with a western force. The nations that had once been colonized had hands on encounters on how a nation ought to be run. These recently colonized coun

The Effect of Celebrity (Athlete) Endorsements in Sportswear Marketing Literature review

The Effect of Celebrity (Athlete) Endorsements in Sportswear Marketing on the Consumer's impression of the Product and Overall Purchasing Decision - Literature audit Example Superstar underwriting Several competitors have picked up status through accomplishments and made great picture for themselves in sports industry. This has caused them to be looked for reason for brand picture showcasing and general selling of items. Competitors who are big names appreciate acknowledgment from the general population and consequently are at a decent situation to advertise buyer merchandise by showing up in brand advancement devices. In this way; picture is sufficient to make an incredible and simple impact focused on shoppers (Kahle and Homer, 1985, pp.954-961). Big name underwriting is utilized in promoting and requires ideal mixing of the technique when utilized as a type of notice. For example, Nike has set up every conceivable measure in elevating its image to propel and impact buyers into wanting and making buys (Damian and Admap, 2010, pp.42-43). Absorption of hotshots in its notice battles guarantees that they keep up a high upper hand in sportswear industry si nce different firms in the business are battling for similar shoppers. Uncommon contemplations are put on qualities that are controlled by famous people (Daneshvary and Schwer, 2000, pp.203-213). Various individuals have distinctive social foundation which consistently drive them into deciding. The choices are made on the sort of standards convictions and people’s lifestyle. Along these lines; it is significant for the chosen endorser to have huge characteristics which are steady and in accordance with consumer’s social desires (Ohanian, 1991, pp.46-53). Practices done by the competitor ought not give a negative impact in that the items get the chance to be loathed because of the exploitative propensities he shows (Walker, et al., 1992, pp.69-76). Sportswear Company puts unique accentuation on... As the report focuses on that few competitors have picked up status through accomplishments and made great picture for themselves in sports industry. This has caused them to be looked for motivation behind brand picture promoting and general selling of items. Competitors who are superstars appreciate acknowledgment from people in general and subsequently are at a decent situation to showcase shopper merchandise by showing up in brand advancement devices. Picture is sufficient to make an incredible and simple impact focused on buyers. This paper announces that VIP support is utilized in showcasing and requires ideal mixing of the methodology when utilized as a type of commercial. For example, Nike has set up every single imaginable measure in elevating its image to persuade and impact buyers into craving and making buys. Absorption of hotshots in its notice battles guarantees that they keep up a high upper hand in sportswear industry since different firms in the business are battling for similar purchasers. Uncommon contemplations are set on characteristics that are controlled by VIPs. Various individuals have distinctive social foundation which consistently drive them into deciding. The choices are made on the sort of standards convictions and people’s lifestyle. Sportswear Company puts uncommon accentuation on qualities which big name has before choosing him to be utilized in brand support. Brands to be supported should fall inside the subject matter of VIP so one doesn't give negating messages to purchas ers which is inverse with how they are seen to be.

The Process Of Human Development - 1448 Words

Introduction The process of human development as well as all the achievements that are made by men are closely linked to the aspect of creativity. In the past, a number of scholars have carried out research on creativity from a number of aspects like that of studying the 4P model. In most of there researches, a number of measures were used in differentiating those abilities that were termed as high and low (Lin, et al., 2012). Additionally, in finding the potential that people have regarding their creativity, most of the scholars have applied the psychometric approach while applying the cognitive approach in the process of developing solutions to a number of creative problems that are identified in the society. In their previous studies, scholars have found that there are a total of two creativity measures that tends to involve two different processes that are usually correlated with varied cognitive factors. Additionally, the performance of individuals based on the two developed mea sures have found not to be correlated in anyway (Lin, et al., 2012). As such, the hypothesis of this study will be to find out how personality traits and gender correlate differently with the divergent type of thinking and creative problem-solving abilities in accordance with the dual-process theory account creativity. Description of the participants To get the results of the study, a total of 320 undergraduate students was chosen from five different universities in the republic of Taiwan. OfShow MoreRelatedThe Process Of Human Development957 Words   |  4 PagesThe process of human development is assessed to multiple phases which carry its own distinct set of expectations in terms of emotional growth, psychological development, physical maturation, and social awareness. When breaking down the lifespan into stages such as, childhood, adulthood, and late adulthood; the breakdown seeks to bring unity to the life of human being, and ultimately help us to understand the development of a person. Some people argue that developmental process undergoes gradual changesRead MoreThe Human Resource Development Process2543 Words   |  11 PagesCONTENT 1) Content 1 2) Introduction to human resource development process 2 3) The human resource development process 3 4) The importance of Human resource development and its Process 5 5) Advantages of HRD to the organization 6 6) Advantages of HRD to the employees 7 7) Problems that affect the human resource development 8 8) Improving organizationsRead MoreHuman Resource Development (HRD) which is any process over the activity that is of a short term or800 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Development (HRD) which is any process over the activity that is of a short term or over the long term. It has the potential to develop the work-knowledge, expertise, productivity, and satisfaction of the adults. It focuses on benefiting the personal as well as the group. Additionally benefits the organization, community and the whole of humanity. In the Human Resource Development framework, there are four stages which consisted of Need assessment, Design, Implementation and lastlyRead MoreThe Legal Entity System Has Profoundly Affected The Process Of Human Economic And Social Development1787 Words   |  8 Pages1.0 Introduction The legal entity system has profoundly affected the process of human economic and social development. Needless to say, the connotation of the legal entity system is very rich, and that the company has an independent personality and shareholders bear the limited liability is the two basic features (Tweedale, G., Flynn, L., 2007). Of course, the company s independent personality is based on the separation of corporate property and shareholder property. 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With the realization of the importance of the employees, it has made a significant impact on the human resourceRead MoreHow Strategic Management Plan And The Human Resource Planning Process1410 Words   |  6 Pagesstaffing process and the human resource planning process helps to determine where there may be a problem and what is needed to bring about a long-term solution. Another approach connected to the human resource planning activities is the organization‘s strategic development and implementation as charted in our text by Plunkett, Allen, and Attner, (2013). As we examine these approaches, we strive to bring explanation as to how the evaluations and analyzing bring about the ongoing process of changeRead MoreEmployee Training and Development Paper1057 Wor ds   |  5 PagesAbstract Employee Training and Development Paper Employee training and development is very important in organizations. Development, orienting, and socializing will help employees get to know their new organization. New employees will go to a process that will help them adapt to their new organization. Employee orientation will be the responsibility of human resources management, and this will depend on the organization. During this process the employees would get information on the work hoursRead MoreHuman Development,Family and Society Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesHUMAN DEVELOPMENT, FAMILY AND SOCIETY Author: S.Aswathi – I MBA SSM School of Management, Komarapalayam. Co-Author: A.Pravinth – I MBA SSM School of Management, Komarapalayam. ABSTRACT This paper gives an overview of Human development, family and society from three angles via., biology, psychology and humanity. In biological terms, this entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Whereas in terms of psychology, it refers to the gradual accumulation of knowledge and is theRead More HR roles and responsibilities Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pages In today’s competitive business market, it is very important to remember how effective planning and development play an important role in the overall success of the organization. The ability to plan and execute an effective strategy is only as good as the people that are placed in the positions to make these decisions. It is crucial to have an aggressive team that will be both competitive and motivated to carry out the objectives set forth. Not only is it important to understand how these individualsRead MoreHuman Resource Management Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resource Management involv es a wide array of functions that encompasses the time from when an employee enters an organization to the time the employee leaves the organization. The specific activities that are involved in HRM include job design and analysis, recruitment, orientation and placement, development and training of the personnel, employee remuneration, and performance appraisal (Aswathappa, 2007: 5). This paper shall focus on three main activities which are recruitment, training, and

The Theory Of Divine Right - 935 Words

Jacques Bossuet the writer of â€Å"The Theory of Divine Right† lived from 1627 to 1704. He was known by many as a famous public speaker and a vivid scholar. He believed that kings ruled by divine right, and that monarchy was the political system intended by God. Monarchial government is the most natural, tough, and from that the sturdiest. It is also most against to separate, causing dreadful evil of states, and the main cause of their ruin. Which gives us the meaning of this quote, â€Å"Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand.† This to me means that a kingdom, city, or home cannot function if they are not all in agreement of one thing. Therefore, the city and realms should act in a nature of uniting their selves. Families logically coalesce into a government appropriate for them. Single leaders have more union than two or more leaders together. The four characters or assets essent ial to royal authority, start with the royal authority being sacred meaning that the king is sanctified and to attempt to kill them is sacrilege. Secondly, royal authority is paternal and its correct character is goodness. We have seen that kings take the habitation of God, who is the factual father of the human race. Third, it is absolute which means it is not weakened in any way. Lastly, it is ruled by reason meaning it has purpose. The responsibility to care for the people is the establishment of all rights thatShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Divine Right945 Words   |  4 Pagesover his people and country, and no one ever questioned it because no one ever mistrusted the will of God. However, when a king begins to seem unfit to rule over his people, the people do begin to question all that they have ever known. The theory of divine right states that a monarchial government is the only way to lead. According to Jacques-Bà ©nigne Bossuet, â€Å"If it is the most natural, it is consequently the most durable and from that it follows also the strongest,† (479) meaning if the system isRead MoreThe Theory Of Divine Right1330 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, new ideas have always been formed from questions and different questions create new ideas. These five documents- â€Å"The Theory of Divine Right,† â€Å"Revocation of the Edict of Nantes,† The Social Contract, What is Enlightenment?, and The Declaration of Independence- each discuss a different idea and are substantial in the demonstration of this idea. These ideas have many differences and similarities. They may be significant in different revolutions, but they all pertain to differentRead MoreThe Divine Command theory of ethics is a theory that states that an act is right or wrong and good700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Divine Command theory of ethics is a theory that states that an act is right or wrong and good or bad based on whether or not God commands or prohibits us from doing it. This means that the only thing that makes an action morally wrong is because God says it is. There are two sides to this theory; the restricted and the unrestricted. The restricted theory basically says that an action is obligatory if and only if it is good and God commanded it; the unrestricted theory states that an act is onlyRead MoreThe Divine Command Theory And Euthyphro Problem Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper, I will discuss about the Divine Command Theory and Euthyphro Problem and show how the Euthyphro Problem makes the Divine Command Theory morality arbitrary. Also, I will discuss why one does not have to reject the belief in God due to the Divine Command Theory cannot give a satisfactory answer to the Euthyphro Problem. First, I will define what the Divine Command Theory is and discus s its attractive features that answer the problem about the objectivity of ethnics. Second, I will defineRead MoreThe Divine Command Theory : Capital Punishment And Abortion Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe Divine Command Theory is the assertion in ethics that an action is morally right if, and only if, it conforms to God’s will. This premise ties together morality and religion in a manner that seems expected, since it provides a solution to arguments about moral relativism and the objectivity of ethics. On the other hand, in Plato’s Euthyphro, Socrates questions whether something is right because God commands it, or whether God commands it because it is right. The ethical implications of theRead MoreJohn O’Keefe. Net Id: Jjo85. Word Count: 1,369. All Actions1381 Words   |  6 Pagesunrestricted version of the divine command theory which is a moral theory based on God’s commands and their relation to morality. Does God command what is right or is what is right commanded by God? There exists a version of the divine command theory that avoids all the contradictions that can arise from the application of the Euthyphro dilemma to the unrestricted divine command theory, and that is what this paper will discuss. Before delving into this restricted version of the theory it is first necessaryRead MoreDivine Command Theory, Deontology, And Virtue Ethics1618 Words   |  7 Pagesethical questions which we encounter. That being, divine command theory, utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics all provide adequate insight to everyday morality. There are flaws and strengths to each and every one of these concepts. However, divine command theory proves to provide the most requisite intellect with minute disfigurement. Divine command theory offers a chance at a purposeful reason to undertake morality with the right manor. This theory also represents a constant state of rules thatRead MoreReligion And Morality On The Hunt Of Finding The Author Of What We Know As Social Norms952 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor of what we know as social norms. In this philosophy paper, we will discuss the origin and evolution of the Divine Command Theory and we will analyze an objections against this theory cited by P lato (Atenas, 427 - 347 a. C.) who states: morality and moral obligations ultimately do not depend on God. First of all, we will discuss the origin end evolution of Divine Command Theory. There are three central assumptions about the correlation between morality and religion. We may focus on one outRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory1377 Words   |  6 Pagessome of the most thought provoking theories and ideas from some of the greatest philosophers. One of those theories is the Divine Command theory. The Divine Command theory tries to explain the relation between God and what is morally correct and there have been many philosophers who have taken very opposing views on the theory in order to determine of society should accept this theory. According to the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Divine Command theory is â€Å"the view that morality is somehowRead MoreBy Jove: A Brief Look at Polytheistic Divine Command Theory1635 Words   |  7 PagesSophocles’ famous play â€Å"Antigone† highlights a problem in what was then the prevalent worldview for most pious Greeks, that of Divine Command Theory. Divine Command Theory is a philosophical paradigm, or worldview, which essentially states that an action is good if and only if it has been commanded by a divine entity, which, to quote St. Thomas Aquinas, â€Å"all men know as God.† The problem arises in what happens when there exist multiple deities, such as is the case with the Greek and Roman pantheons

The Organizational Structure For Starting A Business

A general partnership provides the simplest organizational structure for starting a business when two or more individuals decide to associate for the purpose of owning and operating a business. Like a sole proprietorship, a general partnership is not legally separate from its owners (partners). Consequently, partners are personally liable for the debts of the partnership. Unlimited personal liability represents one of the major disadvantages of organizing a business in the form of a general partnership. Similar to what we learned about sole proprietorships, the personal affairs of the partners need not be separate from the business affairs of the partnership. For example, property used by the partnership can remain in the individual†¦show more content†¦Like a sole proprietorship, a general partnership is the de facto legal entity when two or more people decide to start a business and take no other affirmative steps to establish an alternative entity. For example, an alternative legal entity could take the form of a limited partnership, a limited liability company, or a corporation. However, establishing these entities requires the owners to prepare and file relevant legal forms with state agencies. Unlike a corporation, which the tax law recognizes as a separate taxable entity, a partnership is classified as a â€Å"pass-through† entity. As a pass-through entity, a partnership is a non-taxable entity, which means its profits and losses are reported on the partners’ individual tax returns (IRS Form 1040). Essentially, the taxable income of the partnership is treated as the income of the partners. While they do not pay taxes, partnerships are required to file a tax return, which is essentially an information return. A partnership tax return (IRS Form 706) discloses the income earned by the partnership and reports the various deductible expenses. However, the partnership tax return does not calculate a tax liability, as the tax liability is passed through to the partners and disclosed on an IRS tax form known as a â€Å"K-1.† The partners attached Form K-1 to their individual tax return and pay the relevant tax liability. The pass-through format avoids the pot ential for double taxation, as income is taxed only at

Case Study Reed Hastings Leadership & Governance of Netflix

Question: 1. Analyse the following questions based on the case scenario. You need to present and EVALUATE the facts and explore the hidden leadership principles behind these facts? How did Hastings change his use of communications in sending and receiving messages from Pure Software to Netflix? How did Hastings change his use of feedback from Pure Software to Netflix? How did Hastings change his use of coaching guidelines from Pure Software to Netflix? Which conflict management style did Hastings tend to use at Pure and Netflix? In making a deal with Epix, which conflict management style was most likely used by Netflix? 2. How would you improve Netflixs product offerings (i.e., what things cant you watch that you would like to watch) or processes (i.e., how can it improve its delivery or service)? 3. Which level or levels of analysis and leadership paradigm are presented in this case, and did Hastings use the management or leadership paradigm? 4. How did Hastings Big Five model of personality leadership traits change from Pure Software to Netflix? 5. Which University of Iowa leadership styles did Hastings use at Pure Software and Netflix? 6. Explain how power, organisational politics, networking, and negotiation are, or are not, discussed in the case? Answer: 1. Introduction Effective leadership is the key to success for all organisations (Armstrong Stephens, 2005). No organisation can survive in a long run without having a clearly defined and realistic vision and this vision is created by a leader who lives by the values that supports his vision. Leaders possess the inherit charisma with which they influence their followers to live by values. The case depicts various leadership styles and theories practiced by Reed Hastings, CEO Netflix. It studies how change in leadership style helped Hastings in making Netflix the worlds leading internet subscription service that enable customers enjoy numerous movies and TV shows. Founded in year 1997, Netflix today operates in around 50 countries and has above 50 million subscribers (Netflix, 2014). Reed Hastings is cofounder of Netflix which he started after his former company Pure Software was acquired by Rational Software. Hastings is an active educational philanthropist and had been one of the board members of companies like Face book and Microsoft. Hastings communication style at Pure Software and Netflix Effective communication is the greatest strength of an effective leader (Bass Bass, 2009). Communication is the process by which sender transmits its message to the receiver through verbal, non-verbal or written signals (Blundel Ippolito, 2008). In order to maintain a healthy relationship with employees it is essential that all important information are effectively communicated to employees which further helps enhancing job satisfaction and reducing uncertainty. Effective communication is primarily responsible for building a knowledge sharing workplace culture (Fielding, 2006). At Pure Software Hastings used autocratic leadership style wherein he imposed his wishes on his people. He preferred one-way communication wherein he never encouraged his people to openly share their views and ideas. He never asked his people for their input and made all decisions by himself. He used negative verbal and non-verbal communication style wherein he rolled his eyes and passed critical comments wh en he found that ideas shared by employees were not useful. This way of communication greatly de-motivated his employee who refrained themselves from participating in any discussions. Authoritarian leadership communication style result in creation of task culture where people are judged based on their level of productivity and not quality (Murithi, et al., 2011). However this communication style result in an increase in productivity in presence of the leader only and when the leader is absent productivity tends to decrease. It results in high level of aggression among employee which ultimately leads to high attrition rate. At Netflix Hastings wanted to develop a workplace culture where people enjoyed coming everyday thus he preferred participative leadership style. Participative leaders encourage two-way communication where employees are encouraged to openly share their views and participate in decision making (Daft, 2014). Hastings encouraged his employees at Netflix to provide inputs and used positive communication style like further questioning them over their ideas. The main advantage of this communication style is that employees display high productivity and quality even when the leader is not present. Culture at Netflix is similar to entrepreneurial culture where people are highly motivation and display high degree of creativity and innovation. However leaders using this form of communication is at times taken for granted as they do not make use of their powers to direct employees. Hastings choice of feedback method at Pure Software and Netflix Feedback is a process where in one party gets the input from other party on the work done by first party for second one (Bakliwal, 2011). There could be different way of communicating feedback, however most effective and constructive way depends upon the time and basis on which it is given. Generally every manager or supervisor should provide feedback immediately to their employees as soon as the work gets completed and it should always be given on the basis of some facts and statistic (Fox, 2007). It should not always be subjective, but good mix of objective and subjective contents. It also depends on the leadership style, as we can see that in Pure Software, Hasting followed Stop, Start and Continue approach to provide feedback to its employees. It represents or similar to autocratic leadership style where in manager gave his employees step by step directional order, like when to stop, start and when to continue. In this feedback process, there is only one way of communication proc ess which flows from boss to its employees. Drawback of this process is that employees decision making process becomes dull and they just followed the order given to them by their supervisors. However, in Netflix he followed participative approach wherein he showed respect to its employees as well. He adopted Feedback Sandwich method, where in process start on constructive note and then discussion goes on how to improve things and again end with on a positive note. Hastings choice of coaching guidelines at Pure Software and Netflix Coaching is defined as the process by which leaders provide motivational feedback to their employees which further helps enhancing their overall performance (Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). Choice of coaching guidelines depends on leaders choice of leadership style. At Pure Software Hastings used autocratic leadership style where followers are forced to follow the path showed by the leader. However in case of Netflix he used participative leadership style where followers are encouraged to choose their own ways of working and the leader acts as a part of the group. He uses his skills and expertise to support employees in making their own decisions. At Netflix Hastings focused on developing a supportive working relationship by supporting his employee in finding right solutions. He stopped blaming and embarrassing his employees and started praising them and recognising their efforts. He stopped focusing on productivity of the employees and started emphasizing on their behaviour and p erformance quality. Employee where empowered enough to make their decisions and evaluate their outcomes. He emphasized on providing timely but flexible feedback that was specific and descriptive in nature. At Netflix he used job instructional training so that employees feel confident about their decisions. They were no more criticised if their solutions were not up to the mark. Hastings choice of conflict management style at Pure Software and Netflix Conflicts are very common in a human environment and leaders choice of conflict management style determines the culture of an organisation (Hall, 2008). Forcing conflict management style was used by Hastings at Pure Software where his ultimate goal was to get the tasks done by his employees according to the ways directed by him. Aggressive and uncooperative behaviour characterises forcing conflict style where the leader is just concerned about satisfying his personal interest and has no concern about interest of his followers (Bakliwal, 2011). This style helps making tough decisions that are more effective than decisions made as a result of compromise to meet the expectations of all. Excessive use of this style creates a negative image for the leader. Collaborating conflict management style also called as problem-solving style is used by Hastings at Netflix. Assertive and cooperative behaviour characterises collaborating conflict style where the user assertively tries to resolve the conflict by involving other people and solves the conflict in a way that it satisfies interest of all members involved (Blundel Ippolito, 2008). All members involved in decision making are more concerned about their own interest however emphasis is made to solve the issue in a way that its benefits all. This style delivers the best possible solution for an issue as it involves assertiveness. This style however requires more time, skills and efforts to resolve a conflict. Hastings conflict management style for making a deal with Epix Negotiating conflict management style was used by Hastings to win the Epix deal with Netflix. This style resolves the conflict by using the principle of give and take (Daft, 2014). The solution is beneficial to both the parties involved and they take advantage of each others expertise. It is also referred to as compromising style which maintains a balance between assertiveness and cooperation. This style consumes comparatively less time and efforts and also helps in maintaining healthy interpersonal relations. The main disadvantage of this style is that people involved many times play games by making demands that are not justified (Armstrong Stephens, 2005). Hastings made a choice of this conflict management style as the deal was complex in nature and he wanted to decide on terms that favoured both the parties. 2. Recommendations for improving product offerings and processes of Netflix Netflix should make further attempts to improve their customer services. They should conduct online surveys and other campaigns to collect as much customer feedbacks as possible. Existing customer comments on online forums reveal that they feel Netflix services are overpriced. They should conduct competitor analysis to find out ways by which they can provide their services at comparatively affordable prices. They should focus more on their marketing strategies and promotion techniques so that they can reach more customers and spread brand awareness. They can use various sales promotion techniques like discount coupons and customer loyalty cards in order to retain customers. They should try uploading latest videos and movies in order to meet customer demands. DVD-by-mail service is expected to grow in near future thus Netflix should focus more on improving this service. In order to become more social they should incorporate improved fan/ community features within their services. Netfl ix should not be treated as a service but a network that connects people with common interest. Attempts should be made to become a customer-oriented subscription service but meeting the demand of todays dynamic customers. They should keep track of their loyal customers and should update them when their desired videos and movie arrive. This will help them increasing brand loyalty. 3. Leadership paradigms presented in the case Classical and transformational leadership paradigms are the two paradigms presented in the case. At Pure Software Hastings displays the use of autocratic leadership style wherein he directs his followers to get the work done according to his ways. Hastings leadership style at Pure Software is an example of classical leadership paradigm where he is seen as a directive leader who is task-oriented and has no interest in growth and development of his followers (Fox, 2007). At Netflix Hastings chooses to change his leadership style to participative leadership style wherein he encouraged his employees to share their views and be innovative. His leadership style at Netflix is an example of visionary/ transformational leadership paradigm where the leader is people-oriented and is greatly concerned about the growth and development of his followers (Blundel Ippolito, 2008). Hastings had a vision for Netflix and used innovation as a means of achieving his vision. 4. Hastings big five personality leadership traits at Pure Software and Netflix Hastings displayed a completely different personality at both his companies. Openness: Hastings displayed high degree of creativity at both the companies however he was more open to new ideas and options at Netflix. Stability: Hastings displayed remarkable problem solving capabilities at both the companies however at Netflix he showed more stability as compared to Pure Software and never embarrassed his employee if their ideas where not up to the mark. Sociability: Hastings is seen to be an introvert at Pure Software and as an extrovert at Netflix. Thus his sociability has increased at Netflix as compared to Pure Software. Agreeableness: Effective leaders are always seen to possess low level of agreeableness. Hastings encouraged his employee to share their views however also asked them to show how their ideas will actually work. Thus he possessed low level of agreeableness. Conscientiousness: Hastings is always seen as a goal-oriented leader who puts in best efforts to achieve desired goals. At both Pure Software and Netflix he displayed high level of Conscientiousness. 5. Hastings choice of University of Iowa leadership style at Pure Software and Netflix Autocratic leadership style is used by Hastings at Pure Software where he never asked his employees for their inputs and made all important decisions by himself (Bass Bass, 2009). He is seen as a task-oriented leader who is not concerned about his employees and treats them as mere machines. However at Netflix Hastings used democratic leadership style and is seen as a people-oriented leader who is greatly concerned about the growth of his employees (Bass Bass, 2009). He encouraged his employee to provide input and considered them while making important decisions. At Netflix he is respected by his employees and is seen as a role model. He is the prime reason behind the remarkable success of Netflix. 6. Analysis of how organisational politics, power, negotiation and networking are discussed or not in the case The Reed Hastings-Netflix case depicts in a very effective manner how choice of leadership style affects the growth of an organisation as a whole. Hastings use of power has been effectively discussed in the way he embarrassed his employees at Pure Software and made them follow his rules (Fairholm, 2009). Throughout the case there is almost no mention of how Hastings handled issues like organisational politics. The case discusses about the contract between Epix and Netflix but does not go in details how Hastings used his negotiation skills to win the contract. Also there is no mention of how he used his negotiation skills with his employees and clients. Networking is discussed in the case but not in details enough to understand its role in the remarkable success of Netflix. Conclusion Leaders choice of leadership style and theories frame the culture of an organisation and is primarily responsible for the motivation of its employees. Leaders always act as a role model for their followers and tend to live by their values to achieve common organisational goals and performance objectives. An in-depth analysis of the case reveals that its Hastings change in his leadership style, communication, feedback and conflict management style that has made Netflix what it is today. It shows that people-oriented leaders always create a workplace where employees enjoy coming every day. References Armstrong, M. Stephens, T., (2005) A Handbook of Management and Leadership: A Guide to Managing for Results. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Bakliwal, V. K., (2011) Production and Operation Management. New Delhi: Pinnacle Technology. Bass, B. M. Bass, R., (2009) The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications. New York: Simon and Schuster. 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